Ethics and Public Official Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Morals and Public Official - Essay Example As per the constitution, accepting a state rule fixes remuneration and pay rates of an office, the pay rates and pay will be appended to and can't be isolated from the workplace. In synopsis, the workplace won't return the advantages or pay of the subsequent office, or essentially declining to acknowledge the pay to abstain from being taken of holding two payment common workplaces. Moreover, the constitution finds out that the substance of the administration can't kill the advantage or pay to an area official to keep away from the holding issue of a double office. At the point when Lino takes the extra obligations in the Attorney’s office he won't make the infringement in the subsequent office. There is no contention of workplaces if Lino chooses to hold the two workplaces. This is on the grounds that under numerous conditions, an official who authorizes law isn't taken to be an office for sacred holding confinements for a double office. Along these lines, it is truly conceiva ble that Lino can hold the two situations as a County Commissioner and an Assistant District Attorney this is on the grounds that the two workplaces are not arranged as inconsistent. Clashing loyalties constrains the individual from holding two workplaces all the while when their enthusiasm of the two elements struggle and appointment of a solitary open office would bargain other office intrigue. The situation of a region magistrate and that of An Assistant District Attorney have no clashing loyalties between them. This is credited to the way that the approach of targets of the two workplaces don't struggle in any region. The similarity principle between the two positions won't ensure the county’s foundation trustworthiness through advancement of hindered administrations by the authority. Moreover, as indicated by the law, two positions have issues of clashing reliability when they are open workplaces. Area Commissioner and Assistant District Attorney Position are both open offers. In any case

APPLICATION PAPER Term Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

APPLICATION - Term Paper Example As a custom, the two driving ideological groups; the Democratic and the Republican Parties select the best possibility to speak to their gathering (4-Impression Management, Haun 50). In the primaries of every one of the ideological groups, potential up-and-comers record for assignment and they solicit for votes by explaining to pioneers of the gathering why they are fit for winning force in the national races (5-Compliance Gaining Strategies, Haun 64). So as to guarantee the best outcomes in the general presidential races, the gatherings select the best contender to speak to them (6-Uncertainty Reduction, Haun 23). In doing this, a great deal of checks are done on every contender to confirm and approve their cases of qualification for the Presidency just as agreeableness to the voters (7-Fidelity Checks, Haun 69). After effectively persuading the pioneers of the individual gatherings (8-Evidence Test, Haun 69), they are picked as the Presidential competitors to speak to the two significant ideological groups in America. The Presidential competitors are introduced to the American electorates by the gatherings. The applicants are required to introduce a positive picture about themselves and their gatherings (9-Impression Management Theory, Haun 50). So as to look at the guarantees made by every one of the competitors, most presidential decisions are set apart by different presidential discussions. In these discussions, the presidential up-and-comers mention to the American individuals what they would do in the event that they are casted a ballot into power. This gives a stage to illuminating electorates about the sort regarding pioneer who will fill the White House throughout the following four years. Presidential discussions give a solid understanding into the strategies that either parties have for the individuals and impacts the manner in which individuals consider the up-and-comers (10-Perception, Haun 68). This year, the two contenders for the US Presidency, President Barack Obama and Senator Mitt Romney

Jimi Hedndrix Are You Experien Essay Example For Students

Jimi Hedndrix Are You Experien Essay It is safe to say that you are Experienced? The Jimi Hendrix Experience discharged its first collection in mid 1967. Well known music had been inclining towards hallucinogenics for two or three years as of now and Are You Experienced? came out at about a similar time as the Beatles Sergeant Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band. Is it true that you are Experienced? far surpassed the Beatles triumph in intricacy, catching the quintessence of the late 1960s culture. Normally the more current band didn't share the prompt achievement of the Beatles. In any case, its fortitude has been vouched for by a few ages. The British adaptation of Are You Experienced? contained a couple of unpretentious contrasts. Most unmistakable were the nonattendance of Purple Haze and the expansion of Hendrix standard Red House. Purple Haze burst into flames in America after the Monterey Pop Festival and became Jimis signature tune. In spite of the fact that it was said to have unlimited stanzas, Jimi by and large sang just the abbreviated rendition from the collection (with a couple of slapped together changes). The single was sent to radio broadcasts with a note: This melody was purposefully contorted. Try not to modify. Are You Experienced?, similarly as with the vast majority of the Experiences music, sounds substantial regardless of how often you hear it out. In reality, the stony Purple Haze is about as close as they at any point come to hard rock. The following tune, Manic Depression comes in solid with the initial harmonies and afterward uncovers Mitch Mitchells trademark moving drums. It additionally con tains another of Jimis performances worth tuning in to by any new or Experienced fan. Chas Chandler picked the calmest tune on the collection to give the world its first taste of The Jimi Hendrix Experience. Its first single was Hey Joe, a tune composed by turn-of-the-century bluesman Billy Roberts. The main bars of Hey Joe leave almost certainly that it is being dealt with by an ace. It immediately climbed the British pop outlines, beating out at number 2 (behind Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds). No other tune composed or performed by Jimi Hendrix had as much accomplishment as this one. When there are others around, it causes you to feel alive. In any case, when you sit alone and tune in to the music, each harmony gets in your throat. Love or Confusion has chanced upon me more than once when I was out of nowhere understanding the dispair of one more relationship. In the event that the solution to his inquiry isn't evident during the tune itself, Jimi answers it for you with his absolute last murmur. Love or Confusion is a fiendish twister of feeling. It shakes you up and when you lose your ability to read a compass, it drops free from you, leaving you to fall hardheartedly to the profundities of the real world. That is when May This Be Love enters to let you down without any problem. Mitch turns on the delicate roll. Jimi sings pleasantly about his cascade. The pace gets, getting frenzied for a second when Jimi reviews the others in this world, with their arrangements. In any case, they can do whatever it is that they do. Jimi doesnt care, and neither do I, as long as I have my cascade. I Dont Live Today experiences two or three lead-in refrains, yet it burns through brief period getting to one of the most hallucinogenic minutes in rock. At the peak, Jimi cries, Ah, There aint no life no place! At the point when you hear it the announcement is strangely consoling. The melody leads out with Jimi arguing over and over to you: Get Experienced. On the off chance that a thousand groups havent secured The Wind Cries Mary, it is out of respect. Short and straightforward (OK, Im not a performer), this tune resembles a fantasy. The vivid portrayals (the traffic lights turn blue tomorrow.) are a trace of what is to become Axis: Bold as Love the Experiences second collection. .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c , .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .postImageUrl , .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c , .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:hover , .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:visited , .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:active { border:0!important; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; darkness: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:active , .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:hover { haziness: 1; progress: obscurity 250ms; webkit-progress: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relativ e; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content enrichment: underline; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enhancement: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u95926aad 66e94563d5ba966d706f561c .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u95926aad66e94563d5ba966d706f561c:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: FORMULAS/STRATEGY FOR STATISTICS EssayFire was one of Jimis most loved tunes to play live. Quick paced and crazy, it leaves no speculating about Jimis wants. The verses froze a million working class moms, as it turned on their girls. A little counsel: move over, Rover. Third Stone From the Sun remains solitary in rock history as the main instrumental with words. It recounts to the account of an outsider race which comes down to look at the planet Earth (Mercury Venus Earth, get it?). It recognizes the truth about people and reaches a characteristic resolution. Clearly an instance of incomparable insight. Any individual who is attempting to ace guitar impacts should begin and end here. Youre so charming, you presumably contemplate you, dont you? Youre not being jumpy. You are only a Foxey Lady. Also, you cause me to feel like stating Foxey. The collection closes with the title tune. By and by, Jimi needs to know, Are You Experienced? In the event that your answer is no, youve been tuning in to the Hendrix singles. Purchase this collection and a couple of earphones. It wont be long at this point.

Benefits of Early Childhood Education - Free Essay Example

If school is about learning, and learning starts at birth, then the idea that we expect Kindergarteners to meet their first teachers at age five is all wrong (English, 2018). There is increasing research being facilitated on early education with specific emphasis on the overall benefits it has on children. The range of benefits discussed in recent research include academic achievement, behavior, educational progression and attainment, delinquency and crime, and labor market success, among other domains (RAND, 2005). While much research is available on the outcomes of early childhood education, it is the objective of this paper is to focus on the range of benefits and outcomes of early childhood education on disadvantaged and underserved children. In this literature review, I will discuss scholarly research findings which cover several elements of effective, quality early childhood education in underserved communities. This research covers topics such as how high-quality early education would narrow achievement gaps, lower involvement in the criminal justice system, and provide adequate return on financial investment for communities. What is Quality Early Childhood Education? Although there is substantial research data detailing what early education programs need to have in order to provide effective, quality education through Kindergarten; one study, synthesized by the RAND corporation (2005), had some interesting and promising findings. In 2005, the RAND Corporation did a research brief outlining scientifically based, published research on the benefits of early childhood education. The brief compared twenty early education programs throughout the nation, which provide varied, but effective approaches to early education. These programs used various interventions which span from prenatal services through Kindergarten readiness programs. According to an article, How Pre School Fights Poverty, Cynthia Lamy of ASCD.org, while the programs had various success in their methods, the research was able to conclude that each of the programs included a combination of the following elements: adequately trained, professionally educated caregivers/educators, smaller child-to-staff ratios, comprehensive and intensive services for children and families (Lamy, 2012). The information provided by this report details more about intervention features that generate better outcomes for children. This is significant because it equips policymakers and educators with valuable, scientifically sound data to achieve optimal designs for the children and families that they serve. Early Education Can Narrow Achievement Gaps The overwhelming evidence shows that children who enter kindergarten behind are likely to remain behind throughout their educational careers and beyond. These gaps in achievement are difficult to close with K-12 education alone. An article published on Every Child Matters.org, discusses the importance of early education and closing long-standing achievement gaps. This article references a report by Presidents Obamas Council of Economic Advisors titled, The Economics of Early childhood Investments, in which it discusses why high quality, dependable, affordable, and accessible child care for children early on is important as we continue to see growth in both the opportunity and achievement gaps children face nationally. Although still an issue, the research on achievement gaps shows promising results-in with the black-white disparity. In an analysis by President Obamas Council on Academic Advisers (2015), early childhood education increases cognitive and achievement scores by 0.35 standard deviations on average, or nearly half the black-white difference in the kindergarten achievement gap. Since higher income children are currently more likely to have access to high-quality early education, expanding access to underserved children would likely narrow the achievement. Although we know narrowing the achievement gap is a focus of early education, it is also important to understand what skills promote Kindergarten readiness and how to get children there. The above-mentioned article on the importance of early childhood education also states how communities can help ensure children show up to kindergarten ready to learn by providing options for accessing high-quality early childhood programs where they can develop the full range of skills necessary to be successful in school and life (Beaver, 2016). In addition to this, an infographic provided by the Zero to Three organization (2012), informs that a child who has received effective, quality early childhood education and is Kindergarten ready, will have the following attributes: healthy relationships with adults, varied experiences (especially with words/vocabulary), appropriate emotional responses (empathy, resilience, self-control etc.) and learn through play and be good problem solvers. These children, according to Mike English of Pre-KC, will now be ready for Kindergarten, they will also be more likely to read proficiently by then end of third grade, and ultimately graduate high school prepared for college or the workforce (English, 2018). Lower Involvement in the Criminal Justice System Research shows children who enter school at higher levels of readiness have higher earnings throughout their lives, they are also healthier and less likely to become involved with the criminal justice system. These positive effects suggest that investments in early childhood can benefit society. In research published by New York University Psychologys Adolescent Pathways Project, professor Hirokazu Yoshikawa discusses how early childhood education programs have long-term positive effects on social outcomes and delinquency. This research also states that improving cognitive and socio-emotional development and investing in early childhood education may reduce involvement with the criminal justice system. Lower crime translates into benefits to society from increased safety and security as well as lower costs to the criminal justice system. Early childhood education programs accompanied with family supports, provide a range of emotional, informational, and/or educational support to families with infants and preschool-age children. Early education programs are usually center based, and their core service is usually to provide an educational curriculum to groups of preschoolers or infants and toddlers, but they can also provide services as varied as basic preventive health care, informational support regarding parenting and child development, and emotional support (Yoshikawa, 1995). This literature states that programs which address multiple risk factors of delinquency in youth (ex: low-income households, single parent, low parent education level, low birth weight/preterm) and that blend aspects of family supports, and early childhood education are the foster the most promising results when it comes to steering youth away from involvement in the criminal justice system. Early Childhood Education Provides Adequate Return on Investment for Communities A common argument for supporting early childhood is that it is a good investment. To explore the idea of return on investment, the rationale behind the economic and business case for spending on early childhood would need to be explained. Early childhood programs cost money, of course, but studies show that the benefits associated with such programs also come with monetary gains and savings (RAND, 2005). In other words, the original investment generates a financial return. According to the RAND brief, if a low-income parent can secure a place for her child in a high-quality daycare program, that child is likely to benefit from exposure to a wider array of learning opportunities than he or she might have at home. Enrolling her child in daycare may also open the door for the parent to take on employment or further her education in order to improve her career prospects. Those individual benefits can be substantial, and life-changing. Other benefits of early childhood programs include state and local government, and society at large. Because high quality early childhood programs promote healthy development, they can generate savings by preventing the need for more expensive interventions later in a childs life .For example, studies show that participation in high-quality early care can help children avoid special education, grade repetition, and incarceration â€Å" all outcomes that imply large costs for government and for society (RAND, 2005). Furthermore, children (over the long term) and parents who participate in such programs are more likely to be employed; thus, revenue from their taxes and enhanced buying power can positively contribute to the economy (The Center for High Impact Philanthropy, 2018). For example, the National Forum on Early Childhood Policy and Programs has found that high quality early childhood programs can yield a $4 â€Å" $9 dollar return per $1 invested. According to Early Childhood researcher, Larry Schweinhart (2012), a 2009 study of Perry Preschool, a high-quality program for 3-5 year olds developed in Michigan in the 1960s, estimated a return to society of between about $7 and $12 for each $1 invested.The research is clear, early childhood stands out as a particularly noteworthy area for investment mainly because so many interventions appear to save money in the longer term. Trends and Issues in Early Childhood Education Although the research indicating benefits on early childhood education are promising, there is other data presented by research that is worth mentioning in this paper. Research has shown that children enrolled in Head Start programs benefit by receiving formal education before kindergarten. Likewise, it was shown that children enrolled in Head Start programs learned quicker than children not enrolled in these programs. In an interview with Kandace Buckner, the Educational Director of Innovators Prep Academy, a local early childhood program, children who attend early childhood programs enter kindergarten with a stronger sense of self and are acclimated to the structure of school. These skills are essential for boosting children who are disadvantaged (personal communication, October 12, 2018). However, the critics of early childhood education claim the differences between children enrolled in these programs and children not receiving early childhood education are only obvious during kindergarten, first, and second grade. During following years, children whove not received formal education prior to kindergarten test at the same level and behave like their peers with pre-kindergarten formal education (RAND, 2005). Therefore, these children may be at an advantage for a couple of years, but after that, their classmates perform at similar levels. Another major problem with some early childhood programs, such as Head Start, is that children qualifying for these programs usually come from families living below poverty-line, so these programs are not readily available for children from all backgrounds (RAND, 2005). Overall, the critical opinions seem to promote parent responsibility for properly educating their children over government/state funded programs for early childhood. Reaction Personally, the conclusions I drew from the research studied about early childhood education are that individuals and societies greatly benefit, in terms of social, economic, and other benefits, from it. The research shows that having greater emphasis placed on early education is one strategy to improve substance abuse, criminal behavior and cycles of poverty that plague many adolescents and young adults in underserved communities. With more schools moving toward implementing data-driven practices, it is important as educators to use that same method of data/research to improve the outcomes for underserved/disadvantaged children to help promote school readiness- access to quality early childhood education is one of the best ways to achieve this. Conclusion While parents, educators and even politicians have become active participants in the advocacy for early childhood education, much still needs to be done to address the issues and eventually reap the benefits discussed in this paper. Modern research on the benefits of early childhood education have brought to light how it impacts the achievement gap, reduces youth involvement in crime and presents a more than adequate return on investment for communities. We know that early childhood education benefits disadvantaged children, the task now is to convince society that the benefits surpass impacting only underserved, communities-but its reaches stretch across socioeconomic lines and racial barriers. It was the founder of the immensely popular Montessori program, Maria Montessori, who poignantly sums up the essence of the research on early childhood education when she stated, Early childhood education is the key to the betterment of society- a notation I adamantly agree with.

The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print...

The Impact of Electronic Media and the Internet on Print Media New technology has developed rapidly since the birth of the internet, and it continues to expand and evolve affecting many domains, especially the print media. This essay will investigate the influence and impact of current technology of the electronic media and World Wide Web on print media, and how future developments in technology will affect the future direction of the traditional newspaper. The way in which â€Å"Bloggers† have influenced traditional journalism will also be explored and how this has affected the journalism profession. In addition, the negative impacts of how the electronic media is being used as a political forum will also be investigated. Finally, the†¦show more content†¦It has been reported that the future of electronic information is not embraced by a lot of the news media as free interactive services generate low levels of interest with pay-per-call services as the main source of revenue. However, Rupert Murdoch saw the opportunities off ered by new technology, and through diversification created an international press, followed by a television domain, creating a truly global media empire (Shawcross:1999). However, other print media have resisted being fully represented on the web. Interestingly, reports claim the traditional newspaper will continue to survive due to common factors such as the much loved writer or columnist, local community news and the personal link to world news (Fulton 1996). However it could be argued that these same factors are applicable to the internet. Melinda McAdams, a primary contributor in the setup of the Washington’s Posts online service, recognizes the above mentioned factors also support the internet inferring a person with a lot of on-line experience thinks more about connections, organization, movement within and among sets of information, and communication among different people (Fulton:1996) demonstrating that the similar relationships can be formed with journalists over the internet. Furthermore, as the World Wide Web provides an interactive stage, the accuracy and legitimacy of news items could beShow MoreRelatedElectronic Media1675 Words   |  7 PagesELECTRONIC MEDIA AND PRINT MEDIA INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONIC MEDIA This is a type of MASS MEDIA which uses ELECTRONIC Energy in the user end. The most familiar electronic media includes video recording, audio recording, multimedia presentations, slide presentations, CD ROM’S and online contents. Also, recorded broadcasting in television, radio, telephone etc. could be considered as electronic media. THE BASIC USES OF ELECTRONIC MEDIA Electronic Media is probably the most diversified subject of studyRead MoreHistorical Evolution and Development of the Various Mass Media970 Words   |  4 Pagesto the historical evolution and development of the various mass media in the United States. Print, broadcast, and electronic media have changed drastically since man was first introduced to them. The speed of these changes are occurring more rapidly now, altering the different forms of media along with it. Though these changes have brought forth many benefits, a few negative impacts have been brought along as well. Print media has been used by people to spread information for centuries, datingRead MorePrint Media And Digital Media1740 Words   |  7 PagesThe print and the digital media have been in the forefront in acting as the social mirror reflecting on what goes on in the society. 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It is obviously thatRead MoreWhat Would The World Be Without Books, Magazines, And Newspapers848 Words   |  4 PagesWhat would the world be without books, magazines, and newspapers in printed forms? How would this impact readers of various ages? How would this impact populations in our culture without access to computers or the Internet? In my opinion, these are great discu ssion questions. I would like to take few minutes to take you on a journey back through time before I answer the question. I am in my mid-40s. In a month, my grandfather will celebrate his 100th birthday. I remember playing with his mother asRead MoreNegatives And Negatives Of Print1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe future of print communication lies within the direction of where print media is currently heading, digital. With that being said, print will never die; there will always be people who want to physically hold a book, a magazine, or a newspaper. 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Martin Luther King Jr. - 2438 Words

I have a dream that one day everyone will understand what Martin Luther King Jr said in his infamous speech on August 28, 1963, and recognize the power and beauty in his words. In the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech, Martin Luther King, Jr. persuades the citizens of the United States that they should no longer accept segregation, and all men should be created equal, as our Constitution states. In this fight though, we can not use violence, but use the power of words, and not stop until every human being is free. This speech was given in a time where black people were made to think that they were equal with white people, when in actuality, they were â€Å"separate but equal† which is not the same thing. This is when called segregation flourished and eventually, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. had enough of this injustice and he spoke out to the citizens of the United States and the world to fight for freedom. This speech used all of the rhetorical devices: ethos, logos, and path os, and it used such powerful, discrete language that not only persuaded the reader, but entertained them, drawing in his audience after every word. Its rhythm made it stay with people, haunting them. He truly made it clear of the awful ways the African American people were being treated, connecting to them, making them feel something, making the reader want to listen to him and follow King with every step he took. In the â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., his biggest main idea to support theShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr.867 Words   |  4 Pagespeople, one of them is Martin Luther King Jr. He made the world a better place for black citizens by doing non-violence movements and marched the way to freedom. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta Georgia as Michael King Jr., but changed his name to Martin Luther King Jr. in honor of Protestant Martin Luther. 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Martin Luther King, Jr. was the single most important African-American leader of the Civil Rights MovementRead MoreBiography of Martin Luther King, Jr745 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929-April 4, 1968) was born on in his mothers parents large house on Auburn Avenue in Atlanta, Georgia. He was the second child, and was first named Michael, after his father. Both changed their names to Martin when the boy was still young. King JR was born into a financially secu re family middle class with that, They received better education in respect to most people of their race. King Jr, noticed this and this influenced him to live a life of social protestRead MoreEssay on Martin Luther King, Jr.591 Words   |  3 PagesMartin Luther King, Jr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was born at home on Tuesday, January 15, 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia. His parents were Martin Luther, Sr. and Alberta King. He was born into a world where segregation was the law. Where his boyhood best friend, who was white, wasnt allowed to play with him once they started school. Where black people went to separate bathrooms, drank from separate water fountains, couldnt eat in whites only restaurants, and had toRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.1144 Words   |  5 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. (January 15 1929-April 4, 1968) Brief Summary (of who MLK Jr. is): Martin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and an activist who led the civil rights movement in the 1950. He was a fundamental force behind the civil rights movement that ended legal segregation. He was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. But he was sadly assassinated in 1968 on a second floor balcony of Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee†¦ Childhood: Martin Luther was never poor. He lived with a middleRead MoreMartin Luther King Jr.2405 Words   |  10 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. was a Baptist minister and social activist, who led the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the mid-1950s until his death by assassination in 1968. IN THESE GROUPS NOBEL PEACE PRIZE WINNERS FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO DIED IN 1968 FAMOUS PEOPLE WHO WENT TO PRISON FAMOUS CAPRICORNS Show All Groups 1 of 19  «  » QUOTES â€Å"But we come here tonight to be saved from that patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.† —Martin Luther King Jr. Read MoreMartin Luther King Jr. Essay1862 Words   |  8 Pagesbut the content of the character,† (Martin Luther King Jr,1963) Martin Luther King Jr. was a smart child and had a good childhood. He learned values from his parents, and Martin Luther King Jr was a man of much wisdom during his time. He was a major contributor to the civil rights movement, and those contributions have profound effect even today. Michael Luther King was Martin Luther King Jr’s name when was born. His parents changed his name to Martin Luther King when he was just a young boy. TheyRead More Martin Luther King Jr. Essay637 Words   |  3 Pages Martin Luther King, Jr. was perhaps one of the most influential person of our time. As the father of modern civil rights movement, Dr.Martin Luther king, Jr., is recognized around the world as a symbol of freedom and peace. Born January 15, 1929, King was the son of an Atlanta pastor. King accomplished many achievements during his life. He graduated from Morehouse as a minister in 1948 and went on to Crozer Theological seminary in Chester, Pa., where he earned a divinity degree. After that King

Production and Operations Management Communities

Questions: Describe the process by which profits or losses are eroded Comment on productive and allocative efficiency of firms in the model. Choose an industry where monopolistic competition prevails, illustrate and evaluate the behaviour of firms in the market. Answers: Introduction: As per the statement of Feenstra (2016), it can be mentioned that in the monopolistically competitive type market structure, there exists a large number of producers. These producers sale differentiated products. Therefore, it can be stated that the goods and services are not substitutes to each other. The sellers also able to set out the price and the competitors can also reflect their behavior on the pricing strategy. Hence, it can be inferred that product differentiation is the major key determinant to determine the market construction of the monopolistic competition. In the points of Balistreri and Rutherford (2013), it can be mentioned that the market under the monopolistic competition is the collection of perfect competition and the monopoly. The companies participate can freely enter into the market under monopolistic competition. In addition, it can be added that under the aggregate market structure, each firms are acted like a monopolist. Here, the manufacturing goods are differentiated but closely substitutes. The demand curve is also downward sloping. The demand curve of the products can also determine the price of the goods. According to Kirzner (2015), it can be mentioned that each of the companies aim to maximize their profits under monopolistically competition. In this connection, all firms focused to set the output level in such a manner that marginal cost of the market is similar to the marginal revenue. Therefore, the first order condition fir maximize the profit can be described as MR=MC. This is also similar to the market of monopolistic competition. However, the major difference among monopolistic competition and monopoly can be explained as in monopolistic competition, the marginal revenue curve lies above the residual demand curve in the position of demand curve of the market of monopolistic competition. Moreover, Bertoletti and Etro (2015) pointed that residual demand curve in monopolistic competition can be explained as the aggregate market demand curve; it is the net productivity of the producers. In the other words, it can be mentioned that monopolistic competition is a type of market, where there exist a large number of sellers. These sellers focused to sale different type of goods. However, the products are not perfectly substitutes or homogeneous in nature. In the words of Stiglitz Rosengard (2015), the market demand curve is of elastic in nature. In this context, it can be stated that the sellers sale differentiated goods, for which demand curve is elastic in nature. On the other hand, it can be observed that as the firms are closely substitute to the others; therefore, if one firm enhances their prices of the goods, then the consumers will get the chance to switch the firms in order to purchase the goods. However, Collier and Venables (2014) criticized that the demand elasticity of the goods and services under this type of market is not perfectly elastic. Therefore, it can be noticed that there are a small number of competitors under monopolistic competition. The above figure shows that the suppliers of the monopolistically competitive market are supposed to be price makers. The firms will produce at the point of Q. In this level, the marginal cost and the marginal revenue would be similar. The price would be estimated at the point where quantity of the selling products touches the average revenue curve. This situation arises as the participants have the power to control the market under this type of market structure. With the help of this situation, the social dead weight loss can be determined. On the other hand, the green colored shaded region shows the amounts of profits of the firms. This situation has occurred in the short run market. The above figure showed that the firms would be capable to manufacture up to that level where the long run marginal cost curve would touch the marginal revenue curve under the long run monopolistic competition. As per the opinion of Assenza et al., (2015), it can be mentioned that price of the goods would be estimated where the average revenue curve and the quantity crossed each other. As a result, it can be mentioned that the long run companies would break even. In addition, it can be stated that the monopolistic firms would earn their profits in the short run, the effect of monopoly pricing can lowering down the demand in the long run. This would in turn enhance the requirements for the participants to create a differentiation in the products. This will in turn raise the average total cost. As opined by Feenstra (2016), it can be mentioned that decrease in the demand and the increase of cost would in turn make the long run average cost tangent at the point of profit maximizing price of the goods. As a result, this situation has two implications. Firstly, the organizations under the monopolistic competition would produce surplus in the long run. Next, the monopolistically competitive firms would be able to break even under long run and can also earn the economic profitability. The above diagram depicted the shifting of the participants to the long run equilibrium. In the points of Feng, Wang and Zhang (2014), it can be mentioned that if the companies have earned positive as well as higher economic profitability in the monopolistically competitive market, other participants would get the chance to go into the competition. As a result, it can be observed that the market demand curve under the monopolistically competitive market would move towards the leftward. This shifting of demand curve would be continuous until the break even condition would occur within the market. On the other hand, Schweinberger Suedekum (2015) cited that other participants would not be permissible to enter into the marketplace. In the concept of economics, it can be mentioned that the firms of the monopolistically competitive firms are treated as the monopolistic firms. It is identified that the firms have the market power to determine the price of the goods. Hence, it can be stated that the firms are allowed to charge the prices where they are willing to make an influence on the products of the monopolistically competitive market. The price of the products can be evaluated where the profit maximizing level of the production would touch the demand curve. This price level is greater than the marginal cost of the firm. As a result, it can be mentioned that the customers need to pay the price, which is larger than the pricing structure in the perfectly competitive type market. This would in turn highlight the reduction of the consumer surplus. Moreover, it can be added that the producers under the monopolistic competition would produce less products compared to the perfect competition. Therefore, it can be inf erred that the profitability earning would be compensated when they earn higher profits by charging of higher price of the products. As a result, Lucas (2016) mentioned that the producer surplus would be reduced. From the above diagram it can be mentioned that the monopolistic competition creates the social dead weight loss and the inefficiency, which can be represented with the help of the brown colored region. It can be stated that the productive efficiency arises when a firm use all of the sources in an effectual manner. This situation would arise when the commodity price can be evaluated at the level of marginal cost. The marginal cost would be similar to the average cost of then goods. Moreover, Nikaido (2015) opined that the organizations also focused to determine the entire procedure of the products, which is greater than marginal cost in the monopolistic competition. This would indicate the ineffectiveness of the marketplace. This quantity is produced at the level where QM crosses the marginal cost curve. Similarly, it can be stated that the allocative efficiency would take place when a good is produced at the point, which would maximize the social welfare. This situation arises when the cost of the products is equal to the marginal benefits and this is equivalent to the marginal cost. Nonetheless, the price of the manufacturing goods in the monopolistically competitive market would be larger compared to the marginal cost. The market structure would not be allocative effective. According to Calvo Prez (2016), restaurant industry will be an ideal example of monopolistic competition. In the context, it can be stated that there are a number of restaurants in the monopolistic competition. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that there is no barriers to entry as well as no barriers to exit. In the points of Parenti, Ushchev and Thisse (2017), it can be added that every restaurants are closely substitutes to each other in the monopolistic competition. Profit maximization condition: According to Nikaido (2015), it can be mentioned that the restaurants raise the price up to a specific level, which is higher compared to the other restaurants, which also participate in the market. On the other hand, it can be mentioned that all of the restaurants are performing differently from the others, among which some of the individuals have aimed to support constantly. Under this type of market structure, the restaurants can effectively estimate the price level of the individuals, which is also unique. Short run market condition: In the points of Phelan et al. (2017), it can be mentioned that a restaurant would compete with the other restaurants as there are no barriers to exit as well as no barriers to entry. Hence, it can be noticed that the demand curve of the restaurants would be downward sloping. Moreover, it can be stated that the restaurant would aim to raise the price of the products than the other participants. As a result, the visitors would like to visit to the restaurants. The consumers usually like to visit where the price of the products are comparatively lower than the other firms. Hence, the marginal revenue curve of the firms would lie down the demand curve, which is downward sloping. Moreover, the marginal revenue curve of other food substances of the firms would be comparatively cheaper in the entire market price. Long run condition: In the points of Lucas (2016), it can be added that with the entry of new participants in the market place, the availability of getting the food staffs in the restaurants would be raised. If the demand of the food substances would be decreased, then it can be inferred that the demand curve of the restaurants would be highly elastic. As a result, the demand curve would move towards leftward. Therefore, new restaurants would also focus to come into the market place. This entrance of the restaurants into the market place would be continued where the restaurants would be able to earn higher profitability earning. Moreover, it can be added that zero solution would be noticed at the level where the market demand curve would be tangent with the average total cost curve. As a result, it can be inferred that the pricing structure of the food staffs in the restaurants would be decreased and the output level would also be decreased. The behavior of the restaurants in the monopolistic competition can be described in the following manner: Each and every restaurant in the monopolistic competition can take effective decision regarding the price as well as the output level. This pricing structure of the restaurants would be developed depending upon the cost of production of the foods. Information regarding the market structure is increased within the participants. Nonetheless, it is unlikely perfect. In addition, Roper, Love and Bonner (2017) cited that the consumers get the chance to make a re-evaluation about the food substances of the restaurants. This can be accessible within the restaurants before choosing the menus. However, they would not be able to worth the quality as well as the value of the service of the restaurant. In the words of Balistreri Rutherford (2013), it can be mentioned that the risks generated under the monopolistically competitive market, which is associated with the decision making procedure. Moreover, the entrepreneur performed an essential role compared to the other participants within the competition. The participants can also enter or leave from the market freely. Therefore, it can be opined that there are no barriers to entry as well as no barriers to exit within the market. On the other hand, it can be observed that in the monopolistic competition, there are four types of products. According to Stiglitz and Rosengard (2015), it can be identified that the first product differentiation is associated with the physical product differentiation. In this context, it can be stated that the size, design, the performance and the shape of the products are associated with the differentiated products. Secondly, product differentiation is connected with the packaging of the products and the promotional procedure. Next, human capital differentiation is based upon the skills and the knowledge of the employees of the firms. Lastly, it can be stated that product differentiation is depending upon the distribution procedure and in this process, mailing order and the internet shopping can be a greater example, which can efficiently relate this concept. As per the statement of Zhelobodko et al. (2012), the restaurants can take the help of advertisements to promote the service of their organization. As a result, the consumers or the visitors can get clear information about the product specification and can also identify the product differentiation. In the given case study, it can be noticed that Adani Groups Carmichael coal mine is positioned in Galilee Basin, Queensland. In this connection, it can be mentioned that the performance of the organization has released many harmful gases. As a result, third parties have been facing from negative externalities. In this context, it can be mentioned that the first and the second parties are identified such as the producers as well as the consumer respectively. In the opinion of Olabi (2016), it can be mentioned that negative externality is associated with the cost or with the benefits. This has an effect on the third party. They are not supposed to incur cost or the benefit. In addition, it can be mentioned that negative externality is related with the external cost of the products. This above figure identifies the impact of the negative externality. The optimal production quality can be evaluated by the output level Q2. In this level, the negative externality can reflect the output level at Q1. The shaded region can highlight the deadweight loss of the society. Moreover, the impact of negative externalities of the coal mine company can be explained in the following manner: It can reduce the life expectancy as the organization release many harmful gases. The harmful gases are such as ozone, sulphur dioxide. In this connection, it can be mentioned that these gases have the direct and negative impact on the health of the individuals. The respiratory system of the human being would be affected from these harmful gases. As a result, they may admit in the health care centers. Instead of this, the individuals would face from serious diseases and they may suffer from several lungs diseases, ataxia or renal dysfunction etc. Instead of this, Lucas (2016) opined that Adani Groups operation function increase the pollution in the atmosphere. This is considered as the negative externality as this has a negative impact on the individuals. In addition, it can be stated that the third parties are forced to pay for this negative externalities. Therefore, the coal mining company would reflect a negative impact on the negative cost on the individuals. Moreover, Nikaido (2015) cited that this coal mining organization has also discharged green house gas. This green house gas has a negative impact on the environment. From the reviews of report, it can be mentioned that Adani Groups has discharged sulphur around 145 million tons. Therefore, it can be mentioned that the air has been polluting due to the discharging of another harmful gas such as gravely toxic. According to Baumol Blinder (2015), it can be added that negative externality has the indirect effect on the economic operation. Therefore, it can be opined tha t external diseconomy would affect the atmosphere by raising the pollution level. This diagram highlights the impact of external diseconomy. The coal industry is operating in the competitive type market structure. In this purpose, it can be observed that marginal social cost is greater compared to the marginal private cost. Marginal social cost is greater for the reason of external cost. In addition, it can be mentioned that the marginal benefit is connected with the operation of coal mining. Therefore, the marginal social cost is equivalent to the marginal benefit. From the above diagram, it can be stated that the individual private cost can be determined along with the determination of P1 price level and the Q1 level of quantity. On the other hand, it can be added that individual would not choose the effective and higher price level P2 and the effective quantity level Q2. Moreover, social benefit is lower than social benefit. This study is essential to understand the growth of the environmental recompense instruments. This would be able to reduce the negative externality. Moreover, it can be mentioned that ecological services can increase the economic evaluation. Market failure is also related with the operation function of Adani Group. By supervising the performance of the organization, resource developers would be able to restore the well being of the locality. As a result, environmental balances of that place would be improved. References Assenza, T., Grazzini, J., Hommes, C., and Massaro, D. 2015. PQ strategies in monopolistic competition: Some insights from the lab.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,50, 62-77. Balistreri, E. J., and Rutherford, T. F. 2013. Computing general equilibrium theories of monopolistic competition and heterogeneous firms.Handbook of Computable General Equilibrium Modeling,1, 1513-1570. Baumol, W. J., and Blinder, A. S. 2015.Microeconomics: Principles and policy. Cengage Learning. Bertoletti, P., and Etro, F. 2015. Monopolistic competition when income matters.The Economic Journal. Calvo, J. A. P., and Prez, A. M. J. 2016. Optimal extraction policy when the environmental and social costs of the opencast coal mining activity are internalized: Mining District of the Department of El Cesar (Colombia) case study.Energy Economics,59, 159-166. Collier, P., and Venables, A. J. 2014. Closing coal: economic and moral incentives.Oxford Review of Economic Policy,30(3), 492-512. Erku?-ztrk, H., and Terhorst, P. 2016. Innovative restaurants in a mass-tourism city: Evidence from Antalya.Tourism Management,54, 477-489. Feenstra, R. C. 2016. Gains from Trade Under Monopolistic Competition.Pacific Economic Review,21(1), 35-44. Feng, S., Wang, D., and Zhang, X. 2014. Study on Ecological Compensation for Coal Mining Activities Based on Economic Externalities.Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection,2(02), 151. Kirzner, I. M. 2015.Competition and entrepreneurship. University of Chicago press. Lucas, A. 2016. Stranded assets, externalities and carbon risk in the Australian coal industry: The case for contraction in a carbon-constrained world.Energy Research and Social Science,11, 53-66. Nikaido, H. 2015.Monopolistic Competition and Effective Demand.(PSME-6). Princeton University Press. Olabi, A. G. 2016. Energy quadrilemma and the future of renewable energy.Energy,108, 1-6. Parenti, M., Ushchev, P., and Thisse, J. F. 2017. Toward a theory of monopolistic competition.Journal of Economic Theory,167, 86-115. Park, S. J., Cachon, G. P., Lai, G., and Seshadri, S. 2015. Supply chain design and carbon penalty: monopoly vs. monopolistic competition.Production and Operations Management,24(9), 1494-1508. Phelan, A. A., Dawes, L., Costanza, R., and Kubiszewski, I. 2017. Evaluation of social externalities in regional communities affected by coal seam gas projects: A case study from Southeast Queensland.Ecological Economics,131, 300-311. Roberts, K. 2014. The limit points of monopolistic competition.Noncooperative Approaches to the Theory of Perfect Competition,3, 141. Roper, S., Love, J. H., and Bonner, K. (2017). Firms knowledge search and local knowledge externalities in innovation performance.Research Policy,46(1), 43-56. Schweinberger, A. G., and Suedekum, J. (2015). De-industrialization and entrepreneurship under monopolistic competition.Oxford Economic Papers,67(4), 1174-1185. Stiglitz, J. E., and Rosengard, J. K. (2015).Economics of the Public Sector: Fourth International Student Edition. WW Norton and Company. Zhelobodko, E., Kokovin, S., Parenti, M., and Thisse, J. F. (2012). Monopolistic competition: Beyond the constant elasticity of substitution.Econometrica,80(6), 2765-2784.

Motivation and Leadership free essay sample

This work is submitted as part of the requirements for the MSc in information system and management. The work contained in this assignment is my own, individual and original work and has not been used in whole or in part for any other assessment on this or any other degree. I have read and understand the university rules on plagiarism. This essay discusses the quote by Dwight D. Eisenhower on leadership. In this quote, he defines leadership as the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it. Firstly, the meaning of this quote is explained by highlighting two distinct aspects of this statement, which is that leadership is the art of getting people to ‘want to do’ and getting them to ‘actually do’ what the leader wants done. It is inferred from this statement that Eisenhower’s notion is that these two processes, although distinct, are not mutually exclusive. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivation and Leadership or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page To provide a further explanation, the essay goes on to conceptualize these processes with their associated distinct leadership-styles and discusses the view point that these two concepts have to work both in combination and complementarily in order for his perspective on leadership to be fully agreed upon. â€Å"Leadership is the art of getting someone else to do something you want done because he wants to do it† (Dwight D. Eisenhower). What does this quote mean? To what extent do you agree or disagree with the quote and why? Over the years, many researchers, writers and leadership theorists have postulated various theories, ideas and perspectives on leadership, most of which are centred on the exertion of influence by a person on others to make them do something or achieve a goal. There is no one universally accepted definition of leadership. However, to name a few, Maxwell (1998) describes leadership as being nothing more (or less) than influence. Yukl (1994) also defined leadership as â€Å"the ability of one person to influence a group of persons toward the achievement of common goals† (p. 14). In the quote by Dwight D. Elsenhower above, leadership is viewed as the process of getting people to want to do as opposed to getting them just to do, which is a clear difference between the process of managing and that of leading (Kouzes amp; Posner, 1987). This statement holds true when the leader is able to properly communicate his vision in such a way that the followers are able to believe and buy into this vision by showing them how they can be served by a common goal. This ability of the leader to inspire his followers and get them to identify with his vision enacts their willingness to do something because they actually want to do it. Leaders do this by first of all being credible. They establish this credibility by their actions by challenging, inspiring, enabling, modelling and encouraging (Kouzes amp; Posner, 1987). When a leader is credible, he is better able to solicit the support and commitment of his followers. They are more willing to provide time, intelligence and energy to support the cause championed by the leader (Kouzes et al, 2010), because they trust and identify with his visions and goals and are confident in his ability to deliver. In essence, for a leader to get people to do things because they actually want to, he must be believable. His level of honesty, drive and passion therefore go a long way in building up this believable character. This quote also highlights the fact that leadership involves ‘delegating’ a task that the leader himself ‘wants done’. Hence, the leader has to take full responsibility for the task carried out by the subordinate and give him credit where appropriate. This is further supported by another quote by D. Eisenhower cited in Puryear Jr. 1991) who says: â€Å"†¦Leadership consists of nothing but taking responsibility for everything that goes wrong and giving your subordinates credit for everything that goes well. † (p. 289). Therefore, the Leader is fully responsible for anything that the subordinate does wrong and the subordinate should be made to understand this. Bearing this in mind, leaders adopt a leadership style to achieve their objectives and get their subordinates to do what they want. Different leadership styles have been discussed in earlier works of literature. Three major leadership-styles identified by psychologists Lewin et al (1939), are the democratic, autocratic and the laissez-faire styles. Active member involvement and group-decision making is encouraged by the democratic style while leaders are more domineering in the autocratic style and ‘hands off’ in the laissez-faire styles respectively. Also, in the framework proposed by Getzels and Guba (1957), the bureaucratic and delegative leadership-styles can be identified. The former being the style in which policies and procedures are prescribed while the latter is exactly the same as in the laissez-faire (passive) leadership style. Goleman (2000) also proposes six leadership-styles, which are, authoritative, democratic, affiliative, coercive, coaching and pacesetting. He explains that every leadership style is made up of some degree of emotional intelligence, which is exhibited through self-management, self-awareness, social awareness and social skill. Moreover, Authors such as Yukl, (1999), Rowold amp; Heinitz, (2007) and Judge amp; Piccolo (2004) have distinguished between two leadership styles; transactional and transformational leadership. These distinct leadership styles were initially introduced by Burns (1978), which was then later modified by Bass in 1985. To buttress the highlighted points and meanings of the quote discussed so far, this essay would be mainly focusing on the transformational and transactional approaches to leadership. Furthermore, how these styles can influence follower motivation would be discussed, as well as the extent to which this quote can be agreed upon. As explained earlier, this quote views leadership as a process of getting people to do what you want because they ‘want to’ and also as a process of getting people to ‘actually do it’. It may be inferred from Eisenhower’s statement that his view is that these two processes although separate, are not mutually exclusive. Hence, the transformational and transactional leadership styles can be characterized by each of these processes respectively, both of which can be combined and used to complement each other. This combination and complementation of these two leadership styles and processes can therefore be aligned with Eisenhower’s notion of leadership. Transformational leadership is one in which the leader elevates the interests of his followers by increasing awareness and acceptance of the group’s purpose and mission and by also allowing the followers to look beyond self-interest but to the collective interest of the group (Bass, 1985). The leader transforms the values and priorities of subordinates, and motivates them to exceed their performance expectations (Yukl, 1994). It is seen as a more participative leadership style in which the subordinates are inspired and influenced positively by their leader and accept, internalize and identify with the leader’s visions (Jung amp; Avolio, 2000). The willingness of subordinates to do what the leader wants done is influenced by their trust and confidence in the leader, coupled with his ability to inspire and motivate the employees to achieve great results by putting in the extra effort (Bass, 1985). Also, the ability of the leader to understand the differences and individuality of the followers, as well as provide support to foster growth and development also helps to increase their commitment and willingness to do what is required (Bass, 1985). The leader here is charismatic and energetic and is able to instill this enthusiasm into his followers, which gets them to actually want to do the job as oppose to just doing as they are told. However, in the transactional style of leadership, the followers simply do as they are told. The leadership is more like a process of exchange or contractual agreement between the leaders and followers (kappen, 2010). The leader meets the immediate needs of his followers as a reward, in exchange for the desired level of performance and negative consequences (punishment) is used to curtail undesired behavior (Jung amp; Avolio, 2000). Unlike in transformational leadership, the leader seems not be really concerned with changing the followers attitudes, beliefs and values neither do the followers feel the need to develop a greater sense of commitment and trust in the leader. The focus is mainly on just getting the job done which is the second aspect of leadership outlined earlier from Eisenhower’s quote. Leadership styles can impact or influence follower motivation to a significant extent. Transactional leadership is of the notion that people are motivated by reward and punishment and when the conditions of the exchange process are agreed upon, the followers primarily do what is required of them by the leadership. However, in transformational leadership, the followers are not only motivated by rewards but also by the processes resulting in these rewards (kappen, 2010). Transformational leadership embodies charismatic leadership where followers can be motivated by inspiration and by increasing their level of emotional involvement. To further expatiate on the influence of leadership styles on motivation, the relationship between transactional and transformational and motivation shall be discussed respectively. As discussed earlier, transactional leadership is an exchange process or contractual agreement between leaders and subordinates, in which the subordinates are externally driven to yield results through rewards and punishment. This external drive can be referred to as extrinsic motivation. Transactional leadership based on contingent reward is positively related to the follower’s motivation (Judge amp; Piccolo 2004). By providing contingent reward systems, leaders can motivate their followers to put in their best efforts to yield the desired results. The task assigned to the follower may generally be of no interest but the provision of an external reward could motivate the person to complete the task (kappen, 2010). These external rewards may be monetary or be in the form of good scores etc. This shows that a leader can still get people to do what he wants done even without them actually wanting to do it, as opposed to what Eisenhower’s suggests. Here leadership is not necessarily the art of getting people to do something you want done because they want to, it is the art of getting people to simply do by providing the appropriate reward agreed upon. Hence the reward or avoidance of punishment is the motivator rather than the leader or the task itself. In the case of transformational leadership, the focus is more internal and on the process as a whole and not just the outcome (Kappen, 2010). Internal or intrinsic motivation can be derived from task features such as autonomy, task significance, feedback, task identity, and so on (Houkes et al, 2001). The transformational leader tries to meet the immediate and future intrinsic needs of his subordinates, which are closely related to Maslow’s higher order needs (Maslow 1943). Hence intrinsic motivation plays a key role in this process and this notion is supported by (Barbuto, 2005) who explains that internal or intrinsic motivation encompasses a persons emotions, fun, trust and feeling of self-worth and these are all driven by internal influences which can be ppropriated by transformational behavior. The leader tries to transform the followers’ goals, beliefs and values to align with his and that of the organization and motivates them by positively building up their sense of self-worth and self-efficacy (Shamir et al, 1993). The ability of the leader to achieve this through his charismatic persona and individualized consideration, helps to increase their willingness to do what the leader wants done and to achieve the desired performance levels or outcome. So, drawing from all the points mentioned above, to what extent can Eisenhower’s quote be agreed upon? By identifying two distinct aspects in his statement, this essay has highlighted Eisenhower’s notion of leadership as being the art of getting people to ‘want to do’ and to ‘actually do’ what the leader wants done. This statement holds true so far as these processes are seen as distinct yet not mutually exclusive. Hence, the two processes have been characterized by the transformational and transactional leadership-styles respectively. The transformational leadership-style is associated with the process of getting people to want to do due to the leader’s ability to inspire trust and confidence in his vision as well as his ability to internally motivate people to put in their best efforts to yield the desired outputs. On the other hand, the transactional leadership-style is associated with getting the work done regardless of whether or not the subordinates actually want to do it provided there is an extrinsic reward agreed upon or the avoidance of punishment. Therefore, as long as these two concepts and their associated leadership-styles can be combined and used to complement each other rather than viewed as just separate, this quote can be agreed upon. This means that leadership should not merely be the art of getting people just to do what you want done but also it should involve the processes involved in inspiring and motivating them to actually want to do it and vice versa. When a leader is able to motivate his followers internally and externally with the appropriate rewards and charismatic approach to transforming their behavior, the leadership would tend to be more successful and well aligned to its aims and this balance therefore agrees with Eisenhower’s perspective of leadership.

Thomas Hardy Quotes From Tess of the dUrberville

Thomas Hardy Quotes From 'Tess of the d'Urberville' Tess of the dUrberville is a tragedy. The novel details the loss of innocence and the ultimate destruction of a young girl. The novel was one of the last novels by Thomas Hardy, who is also famous for Jude the Obscure. Here are a few quotes from Tess of the dUrberville. I dont know; but I think so. They sometimes seem to be like the apples on our stubbard-tree. Most of them splendid and sound - a few blighted.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 4 I wont sell his old body. When we dUrbervilles was knights in the land, we didnt sell our chargers for cats meat. Let em keep their shillings! Heve served me well in his lifetime, and I wont part from him now.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 4 Thus, the thing began. Had she perceived this meetings import she might have asked why she was doomed to be seen and coveted that day by the wrong man, and not by some other man, the right and desired one in all respects...- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 5 Out of the frying pan into the fire!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 10 But some might say, where was Tesss guardian Angel? Where was the providence of her simple faith? Perhaps... he was talking, or he was pursuing, or he was in a journey, or he was sleeping and not to be awaked... As Tesss own people down in those retreats are never tired of saying among each other in their fatalistic way: It was to be.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 11 My life looks as if it had been wasted for want of chances! When I see what you know, what you have read, and seen, and thought, I feel what a nothing I am!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 19 I cant bear to let anybody have him but me! Yet it is wrong Tess him, and may kill him when he knows!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 28 Yes; at that dance on the green; but you would not dance with me. O, I hope that is no ill-omen for us now!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 30 you always courting me, and always thinking as much of me as you have done through the past summertime!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 32 You are very good. But it strikes me that there is a want of harmony between your present mood of self-sacrifice and your past mood of self-preservation.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 35 I agree to the conditions, Angel; because you know best what my punishment ought to be; only - only - dont make it more than I can bear!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 37 She would have laid down her life for ee. I could do no more.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 40 You, and those like you, take your fill of pleasure on earth by making the life of such as me bitter and black with sorrow; and then it is a fine thing when you have had enough of that, to think of securing your pleasure in heaven by becoming converted!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 45 How can I pray for you, when I am forbidden to believe that the great Power who moves the world would alter his plans on my account?- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 46 You have been the cause of my backsliding, he continued, stretching his arm towards her waist; you should be willing to share it, and leave that mule you call husband forever.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 47 Remember, my lady, I was your master once! I will be your master again. If you are any mans wife you are mine!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 47 O why have you treated me so monstrously, Angel! I do not deserve it. I have thought it all over carefully, and I can never, never forgive you! You know that I did not intend to wrong you - why have you so wronged me? You are cruel, cruel indeed! I will try to forget you. It is all injustice I have received at your hands!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 51 his original Tess had spiritually ceased to recognize the body before him as hers - allowing it to drift, like a corpse upon the current, in a direction disassociated from its living will.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 55 O, you have torn my life all to pieces... made me be what I prayed you in pity not to make me be again!- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 56 And the dUrberville knights and dames slept on in their tombs unknowing.- Thomas Hardy, Tess of the dUrberville, Chapter 59

Should Parents be Subjected to Licencing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Should Parents be Subjected to Licencing - Essay Example In the hands of parents lie their children’s future because how they mold their children will create a great impact on the children’s lives. LaFollette has argued that a license is necessary when the activity to be engaged upon is potentially harmful to others. Much like a driver needs to secure a driver’s license before driving a car because driving is potentially harmful to others, parenting is argued to likewise be potentially harmful to children especially if the parents are not qualified to raise them (183). The second argument for a licensing program for parents is that their competence should be proven in order to ensure a safe performance of their duties as parents (183). What if they are not adept in caring for another individual, especially a young child who is totally dependent on them for all his needs? What if they do not have what it takes to equip the children with the necessary skills to survive when they grow up and go out into the world? What wo uld become of these children? A third argument for licensing is that there should be a reliable procedure for testing such competence (184). LaFollette explains that when the first two arguments are met, that of parenting being potentially harmful indeed to others especially to children, and that the parents’ competence is questionable, then parents become legitimate subjects for licensing. If all three arguments are met, then it becomes imperative to issue licenses to qualified parents. Since children are highly valued by society, their welfare is given utmost consideration. The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) declares that "the child, by reason of his physical and mental immaturity, needs special safeguards and care, including appropriate legal protection, before as well as after birth" (Article 2.2), Article 2.2 further details, â€Å"States Parties shall take all appropriate measures to ensure that the child is protected against all forms of discrimination or punishment on the basis of the status, activities, expressed opinions, or beliefs of the child's parents, legal guardians, or family members.† This implies that if children are left in the hands of irresponsible parents, then the state will do everything to protect children from any potential harm that may be inflicted by such parents. This is to ensure that they will be kept safe and put in an environment where they can grow and develop into well-adjusted and healthy individuals that can be productive and contributory citizens to society in the future. Studies have shown that children who grew up under abusive or negligent parents have strong tendencies to develop the same behaviors with their own children due to the constant exposure they got when they were young. Anda et al (2005:174) discussed in their study that the traumatic experiences of abused or neglected children often stays on with the victims into adulthood. Some children may never fully recover from the trauma, resulting in lifelong depression, anxiety, and personality disorders. Other individuals may be predisposed to engage in prostitution, pornography, drug abuse, or crime. The long-term consequences of child maltreatment can be so devastating that it has been called "soul murder" (Shengold, 1989:43). In order to prevent this, Article 19 of the UNCRC requires that â€Å"

IDPS Latest Roundup Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

IDPS Latest Roundup - Article Example 280) We worked as transformation leaders and managed to achieve the objectives for full utilisation of IDPS with greater success. We have been working to achieve fully automated systems through the use of Autodesk Revit ROBOT Structural Analysis and Autodesk Ecotet. Today, experts are using these systems to determine the type of framing material to meet their low CO2 emissions target as the changes in the method of building production is required and high degree of accuracy is needed in building production to satisfy the clients to meet the global challenges in building construction (Kim and Haas 764). One of the major setbacks of conventional word processing systems is that they are not able to adjust to the changing requirements. Some feel the learning curve is steep while others feel the errors in conventional word processing systems are very high (Pritschow et al. 280). Additionally, the need for using automated office tools is being realized by more and more offices. One of the inherent qualities of automated office tools such as Integrated Document Production System is their ease of use and its user friendly functions. IDPS utilized for the construction industry will integrate various important software products such as Orion, Autodesk and Atlas Pro. This will facilitate the structural engineers to get accurate measurements of the steel members of buildings. In early 2012, the IDPS group started using IT as a conventional method used for preparing architectural drawings and designs, as the process of preparation of tender documents was time consuming and difficult to work. The drawbacks of the conventional system were - †¢ The designs overlapped and with inadequate support for the management, it created a lack of coordination within the team members. †¢ The design process took 1-2 months, architectural drawings 3-4 months; structural drawing 3-4 months, mechanism electrical drawings 3-4 months, submission 1-2 months and the preparation of bill o f quantities took 3-4 months. Moreover, for the preparation of tender stage it took 20 months. †¢ The lack of coordination reduced the efficiency. †¢ Unnecessary pressure was created on resources and time, ultimately resulting in delay in implementation. †¢ The process involved lots of manual calculations resulting in human based calculation errors and delays, due to which the buildings in Brunei were not able to appear advanced. Advantages of using Integrated Document Production System The Integrated Document Production System which was started by the Department of Technical Services under the e-Government initiative has been successful in achieving the needed efficiency in preparing tender documents and implementing projects (Kahane and Rosenfeld 764). The tools which were included by the IDPS were - Autodesk Revit Architecture, Autodesk Revit Structure, Orion, Autedesk Revit MEP and Atlas Pro. Automation and use of robots speeded up the working, drawing preparation and improving the management of project; additionally improving coordination and integration of the project. It reduced the time needed for completing the projects and provided the needed rationale which worked on tender documents. Further, it was able to provide the analysis of the structure. IT was used to get the information that can be stored in one database and it allowed the administrator to handle and analyse the data in a better way. It also provided improved coordination in the construction industry in the field of quantity surveying, engineering,

Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 Essay Example for Free

Foundations in English Literary Studies Assignment 1 Essay Ozymandias was a powerful king, who ruled with an iron fist. Lines 4 and 5, â€Å"Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown†, â€Å"And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command† shows that Ozymandias ruled with contempt, dominance and conceit. He was a very unhappy man, not forthcoming or humble in any way, as a true king should be. He was however, filled with pride and arrogance. Lines 10 and 11, â€Å"My name is Ozymandias, King of Kings: Look on my works, ye mighty, and despair!† depicts his pride and vanity. The manner in which these lines are written, in the first voice, as if Ozymandias himself is telling us of his importance, one last time. In these 2 lines, he is boasting about all his accomplishments, wealth and successes, which accompanied being a king. These lines show that he believed that he was the greatest, and none superior to him. â€Å"Half sunk, a shattered visage lies, whose frown† â€Å"And wrinkled lip and sneer of cold command† â€Å"Tell that its sculptor well those passions read† â€Å"Which yet survive, stamped on these lifeless things† The sculptor clearly showed Ozymandias personality and passions on his statue. Even though Ozymandias thought his would rule forever, everything becomes lifeless with time. And the manner in which he ruled was clearly shown on his half decayed and dismantled statue. Human ambition will only take you that far, it’s what you leave behind that truly matters. The words â€Å"passions† and â€Å"lifeless† are placed close together, because your passions and desires are supposed to keep you alive and happy, yet Ozymandias’ passions of despair survived on a lifeless statue. â€Å"The hand that mocked them and the heart that fed†. From what I can tell, the sculptor disapproved of the king’s way of ruling and ridiculed him, but yet he had to create him in stone to be remembered by all. The irony concerning lines 10 and 11 is that Ozymandias will not be remembered as a  great leader and king. What he believed himself to be will not be engraved in his followers, on the contrary, they would probably want him forgotten and his statue left in ruins. A statue is usually a monument erected in honour of a great leader of merit, but Ozymandias was a monument of fear and oppression. The poet is displaying a picture of dry and barren land in the desert. A half sunken body or head decapitated from its legs lying in the sand. There is nothing around these dismantled pieces, nothing for miles. The word â€Å"antique† to me, suggests old, ancient and maybe dilapidated. The poet also uses many words that evidently illustrate brokenness and deterioration like â€Å"trunkless legs†, â€Å"shattered visage†, â€Å"frown†, â€Å"wrinkled lip†, â€Å"cold command†, â€Å"survive†, â€Å"lifeless things†,† despair†, â€Å"nothing beside remains†, â€Å"decay†, â€Å"colossal wreck†, â€Å"boundless and bare† and â€Å"lone†. Lines 12, 13 and 14 portray the degeneration and despair clearly. â€Å"Nothing beside remains, round the decay† â€Å"Of the colossal wreck, boundless and bare† â€Å"The lone and level sands stretch far away† â€Å"boundless and bare†, â€Å"lone and level† and â€Å"sands stretch† Using alliteration in these lines creates and increases the effect of what the poet is saying. It also adds emphasis on the description of the land and on what remains of the mighty Ozymandias. It allows a clear picture and the irony of the end of Ozymandias legacy.

Should Parents Lose Custody of Extremely Obese Kids? Essay -- Child Ob

In the recent decades, obesity has grown into a major health issue in the United States within young people. With 31 percent of the United States of children being obese, the United States has become the country with the highest rate of obesity in the world. Obesity is not only found among adults, but it is also now found mainly among children and teenagers. The childhood is a very important period for the initiation of obesity especially in this time. Eating practices that children are taught or learn during childhood affects a person later in their life whether they know or not. Multiple studies have confirmed that childhood obesity in the U.S has been on a rise for years. One out of three children in the U.S are obese, most of them face a higher risk of having medical, social and academic problems. Childhood obesity also leads to many health problems among young people. Those problems include diabetes, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and many more others. These problems caus e a rise in health care costs that their families might have to pay sooner or later. The influence of parents and the media play a big role in causing these problems to happen. Some people believe that a family with an obese child should not raise child protection concerns if obesity is the only cause for concern (Callaghan, 2010). However, doctors should always be mindful of the possible role of abuse or neglect in contributing to obesity. The result of some research that was done on the symptoms of neglect shows a clear correlation between childhood abuse and obesity in childhood. A study of American school children has found that after controlling for socioeconomic status, those who were physically abused were more likely to be obese (Callaghan, 201... ...nment Intervention for a Childhood Epidemic." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 29 Nov. 2011. Web. 06 May 2012. Easterling, Kelli. "Should Government Protect Obese Kids from Parents?" McClatchy-Tribune Information Services, 19 July 2011. Web. 06 May 2012. Hellmich, Nanci, â€Å"Report maps out solutions to child obesity.† USA Today n.d.: MAS ULTRA-School Edition. Web. 6 May 2012. Holden, Diana. "Fact Check: The Cost of Obesity." CNN. Cable News Network, 09 Feb. 2010. Web. 06 May 2012. "Media and Childhood Obesity." FCC.gov. Federal Communications Commission. Web. 06 May 2012. Tanner, Lindsey. "Should Parents Lose Custody of Extremely Obese Kids?" The Huffington Post. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 12 July 2011. Web. 06 May 2012. "The Impact of Food Advertising on Childhood Obesity." The Impact of Food Advertising on Childhood Obesity. Web. 06 May 2012.

Tourism Management

————————————————- Managing Adventure & Sports Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE: TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts ————————————————- Managing Adventure & Sports Tourism Environments COURSE MODULE: TRM341 BA. HONS STRATAGIC TOURISM MANAGEMENT Word Counts Acknowledgement I would like to thank my lecturer Mr Li Yee for his guidance in this report. ContentsAcknowledgement1 Introduction3 Destination4 Implemented Strategies7 Effectiveness of Implemented Strategy10 Recommendations11 Conclusion18 References20 Introduction â€Å"Sports tourism can be defined as travels away from one’s primary residence to participate in sports activity for recreation or competition, travel to observe sport and grassroots or elite level. And travel to visit a sport attraction such as sports hall of fame or Water Park†. Gibson, Attle, Yiannakis, 1997) On the other hand adventure tourism can be simply defined as Recreational travel including variety of rugged activities for adventure. Adventures and sports tourism can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries and the developing world.If the undeveloped tourism destination do not focus on their tourism, it will be really hard for them to improve their poor situation of economic, environment and culture. Adventure and sports tourists can be attract for a certain destination by looking at the facilities and environment of that place such as; hotels services, price of goods in the area, transport services, travel agencies, guides, airlines, social and cultural aspects of life and most important sustainable natural resources. Ralf Buckley, 2006) A tourism sports destination can be attractive for many reasons; different types sports activities in big city or some time big sports events in small cities, beautiful islands or beach, recreation activities, sports activities for family fun etc. most of all a unique atmosphere of sport and adventure. Destination In perspective of West Cambria sports and adventures tourism it provides to tourists; Attractions which related to sports such as sports theme park, hiking, bungee jumping etc.West Cambria tourism site has highest mountain such as scafell, including stunning coastline and wastwater, also resorts can be include with sports tourism activities. According to Cumbria tourism statistics, each year 35 million day trippers and 5 million overnight visitors spend their night; Cumbria is a place where tourists get a chance to attend all the sports events. As a developed and well established destination; the Ecological environment of sports and a dventures tourism is not only about green tourism but also deeply related with socio culture with Cambria tourism.Naturally sustainable environment of sports and adventures tourism in west Cambria also socio-culturally respectful and have a huge effect on both the natural environment and the human population including man made tourism destination. Sustainable environment of west Cambria tourism often involves locals of remote areas experience and interacting with foreigners. Multi-Sport Activities: it is physical outdoor activities. Rafting, mountain biking, climbing, surfing, diving, etc. all offered in the same package. West Cambria tourism provides these sports facilities.Sports included in west Cambria: Angling, Archery, Athletics, Badminton, Baseball & Softball, Basketball, Boccia, Bowls, Canoeing, Cricket, Cycling, Dance, Disability Sports, Fencing, Football, Golf, Gymnastics, Handball, Hockey, Judo, Netball, Orienteering, Outdoor Activities, rounder, Rowing, Rugby, Running, S ailing & Windsurfing, Scuba & Snorkelling, Snow sports, Squash & Racket ball, Swimming, Table Tennis, Tennis, Triathlon, Volleyball, Walking Water, Polo, Weight Lifting and Wheelchair Basketball. The relationship between sustainable tourism and othersAs a sports destination Sports destination West Cumbria tourism has all the potentiality to be sustainable. According to West Cumbria adventure and sports tourism, relationship between ecological and socio cultural can be compare through their essential facts for each other; Ecological factors relate to socio cultural environment 1. Air quality of the area, 2. Transportation, Parking facilities 3. Pollution discharge process, 4. Water quality for sports activities, 5. Waste management facilities; 6. Land and Coastal resources etc. Socio-cultural fact relates to Ecological environment . Balanced population of the area, 2. Health care facilities for local and tourists. 3. Population employment patterns, job market freedom and locals attit udes to work, 4. Social attitudes and Lifestyle and cross cultural understanding. 5. Roman Heritage 6. Locals cultural activities & interests on tourism 7. Financial services, investment 8. Resorts, hotel and camping services 9. Entertainment facility and tourist Information service provider. Adventure and sports tourism has brought people into contact with each other in west Cambria.As ecological tourism has an educational element it can foster understanding between people and cultures and provide socio-cultural exchange between hosts and tourists. This increases the chances for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce prejudices. A Socio cultural and ecological relationship has added more vitality of west Cambria communities in many ways. Such as; sports events and adventures activities of the local residents where they have been the primary participants and spectators. Often these are refreshed and developed in response to tourist interests.Implemented St rategies The West Cambria tourism is an award winning destination for tourism in 2011; it is also one of the most spectacular beaches in UK and an area that has been popular for many years. To develop Adventure and sports tourism Allerdale Borough Council and Carlisle Leisure limited on 1 April 2004 developed a sustainable tourism strategy. The aim was to balance the need to manage and stimulate sports tourism to the area with the need to avoid damaging the very natural assets on which the tourism industry depended. Interest in the idea of sustainable tourism is greatest in those countries where there is a high level of interest in sustainable development in general. † (John Swarbrooke, 1999) To ensure the strategy was tailored to the needs of the area, authorities engaged in a considerable amount of consultation prior to writing the document. This involved meetings with key stakeholders, National benchmarking survey of tourism authority; the result of this consultation was th at many valuable ideas generated via the process made it into the strategy and action plan.Following the secondary method of research; the implemented strategic objectives can be pointed out 1. More visitors from outside the region 2. More overnight visitors 3. More business and high-value leisure visitors 4. More private sector tourism investment. Enhancing the West Cumbria tourism for residents and visitors to create: 1. World-class cultural/sport/leisure facilities 2. High standards of quality 3. Avenues for learning, business support and careers 4. Jobs and economic benefit through sports and adventure tourism 5. Sustainable development (environmentally, socially, economically) 6.Local and regional pride. Some of the tourism vision can be explained as follows; Performance of tourism businesses 1. To encourage businesses to invest in the range and quality of their facilities where required 2. To encourage the entire sector to value customer service and to invest in staff skills. Marketing promotions/Events and festivals The strategy focuses on sports events and festivals, in particular those that have the potential to attract new visitors to the region, generate short breaks and which also positively add to the image and profile of the West Cumbria region.Where possible these major events and festivals should reinforce other market growth opportunities. The strategy also recognises that locally distinct events can enhance sense of place, sense of community and add value to the visitor experience. They create new opportunities for visitor spends particularly for shopping and for eating and drinking. Collectively they can strengthen the regional events and festivals profile. Hospitality Services The restaurant, hotels, bar etc. rowth opportunity as being about the quality of the eating experience; the presentation of the food, the ambience of the eating out experience including genuine customer service. It may also be about local produce and the provenance of food. Destination management Implemented strategy can be explained as; 1. Working with local businesses to drive up quality, encourage use of local produce and enhance the customer service 2. To invest in the presentation and marketing of farmers markets and food and drink events 3. To use food and drink as one ocus for destination marketing where it presents a strong and quality experience 4. To encourage all aspects of the food and drink sector that deal with consumers to value customer service and the skills of their staff and invest in them. West Cambria tourism implemented strategy can be summarised as; 1. provide all sports and adventures visitors a high quality, enjoyable and fulfilling experience 2. To ensure that tourism meets its potential as a driver of the local economy, bringing prosperity and jobs throughout the area 3. To ensure local communities are not adversely affected by tourism 4.To develop the appreciation of west Cambria distinctiveness as somewhere to live, work and visit 5. To encourage tourism enterprises, their suppliers and customers to reduce the impact of tourism on the environment. Implemented strategy can be summarised as; The objective is to retain the economic and social advantages of tourism development while reducing or mitigating any undesirable impacts on the natural, historic, cultural or social environment. Allerdale tourism council play an important role in ensuring the continued appeal of tourism in the tourist area. Effectiveness of Implemented StrategyBruce J. Dierenfield (2003:p,212) Found that although there are numerous negative influence of hosting sport tourism because of the expected benefit for the community and local business often cause potential host community to ignore any negative impact that may occur. These include: putting the country in global world, showing the destination, promoting political system, creating new business, attracting investment, creating job and urban renewal including housing, and infrastructure will contribute to the development of the country, and benefit citizens over a long period of time.Positive sides: sports adventure tourism development plan for west Cambria, mainly focused local benefits; Current strategy can helps raise funds for environmental protection, research and education through a variety of mechanisms, sports events entrance fees, hotel, airline and airport taxes and voluntary contributions. The local community also can be benefited. The jobs created by tourism can act as a very important motivation to reduce emigration.Local people can also increase their influence on tourism development, as well as improve their job, earnings prospects, through tourism-related professional training, development of business and organisational skills. Sports tourism can bring people into contact with each other and, as tourism has an educational element, it can foster understanding between peoples and cultures and provide cultural exchange between hosts and guests. Because of this, the chances increase for people to develop mutual sympathy and understanding and to reduce their prejudices.Negative Sides: Sports tourism development can creates additional demand for land and competition from the growing potential buyers. The demand for more hotels and tourist facilities brings sources of income to builders, real estate agent and landowners but the local residents are forced to pay more for their homes and larger tax duties increase in land values. In addition, increasing demands for basic services and goods from tourists will often cause price hikes that negatively affect local residents whose income does not increase proportionately.On the other hand, the development of tourism may cause inflation in prices of goods. The issue with seasonal workers is another negative aspect. They face job insecurity, due to the completion of projects. Thus, there will be lack of guarantee of employment from one season to another. Recommendations Develo ped transportation: Sport-tourism is a powerful force for development that encourage investment in infrastructure projects such as airport , roads that can be enjoyed by local people as well as tourist who came to use them. Joy Standeven, Paul de Knop, 1999, p 66) Travel service providers in the tourist destination area, such as airlines, railways, and bus service need to be sufficient and well developed to avoid all sort of hassle might impact for tourist or destination. To achieve greater competitive advantage; transport companies should have a sophisticated planning; the transportation sector is always a large and growing market in UK tourism. Security and personal safety: Security is a major issue for any tourism destination, for a large destination security sometime maybe it’s not enough to only depending on local police or community service.Private security services can be included, with modern camera technology, professionals to maintain successful tourism destination. The best course of action is to blend human security with technology. Managing adventure and sports safety remains an important topic to tourism industry. Perceived or real threats to sports person safety have immediate impacts on a destination's reputation and can dramatically affect visitation. If visitor health and safety is not well managed, adverse incidents can significantly impact on the profitability and sustainability of an individual business, community or destination.So it’s should be a compulsory objective for tourism organiser to have sufficient safety services. Developed infrastructure: Tourist development indicates that infrastructure accordingly developed. The provision of infrastructure- the construction of roads, and the system of electricity supply, water supply and sewages disposal, hospital, churches, schools and shop become necessary when an area is developed for the tourism. Indeed, in regions away from the main cities, a kind of micro-urbanization has to take place to attract tourists who assemble in such places to escape environmental monotony of their workday in cities.The tourists are prepared to live in the clusters of cottages but at the same time they demand most of the modern comforts to which they are accustomed with the possibility of a shopping centre, amusements and services to be made available at hand. Capacity of accommodating sports tourists: Carrying capacity for tourism is similar in some ways to ecological carrying capacity and different in others. Ultimately, physical resources limit both population and tourist levels. A dearth of land, shortage of food, or decline in water quality and availability will quickly put the brakes on both types of growth.But for tourism, cultural resources are also a concern. A well-developed tourism destination should provide an efficient accommodated service for their tourists. Technology applied to the provision of sports and adventure activities: The technological environment p lays a huge role and influence on the Sport-tourism through globalization due to the innovation of technological thought. For example the implication of restaurants and hotels has been joined by the technological strategy which connects the world through electronic business to exchange goods and services.Furthermore the internet has revolutionised the way executive and business partners operate and cash rings are replaced by credit and debit card payment system. This technological change will allow the use of electronic transfer fund to be more accurate on the information exchange and the target market (Weed et al, 2004: p, 33) Sport tourism may benefit from technological innovation such as currency exchange rate, details about accommodation, climate, culture, language, entertainment places, and requirement entry for visa.The technology infrastructure has opened a new way for Sport tourism to reach the outside world and enter to the competitive edge in the market share. (Devine et a l, 2009: p, 17). As the technology evolves and develops within the Sport tourism, stakeholders will find themselves with clear opportunities and one challenge emerging from this will be to streamline and simplify the transaction and consumption of products. This will require looking at global shift in consumer attitudes, tracking new motivations or opportunity in order to communicate and convince consumers (Knowles et al, 2004: p, 32).Technological developments are increasing rapidly. New recreation products, such as all-terrain vehicles and wind surfers, provide new ways for people to satisfy their recreational preferences. New production Technologies and materials offer recreation and tourism businesses ways to reduce costs and improve the quality of their products/services. Advances in telecommunications have and will continue to create new promotional opportunities. Technological innovations, in relation to jobs and the home, have resulted in increased leisure time for many peop le.Nowadays sports have become a part of our life. Sports have become one of the best interests of the people. Indoor sports activities for tourism is very popular fast growing. Sports are mainly related with the physical element of the body such like running, throwing, jumping, sliding, hitting, shooting, catching etc. , and at present time all those sports are depending on technological supports, as technology helps to give a fair result in any sports competition as well as sports person safety. Technology applied in modern gym helps to improve physical stamina through different level of exercise.For example, Technology applied Sport tourism includes rafting, Para gliding, bungee jump with crane, sky diving, and many more. Provision of diversified activities Diversified activities for tourism destination can create opportunity for more profits in local business. A tourism destination diversification can be point out as; Tourist Accommodation: Bed and breakfast hotel, resorts, camp ing facilities or caravan sites. Tourist recreation: Trekking holidays, heritage attractions, sports events and festivals, mountain biking/walking routes, clay pigeon shooting, archery, quad biking .Strategies can be including for Successful development: 1. Seasonal sports tourism offer 2. Marketing on Sports and adventures tourism activities 3. Ensuring each year sports tourism events got different attractions 4. Identifying major activities what can bring more tourists 5. Infrastructure investment targeting diversified activities More activities can be added as west Cambria has a suitable for sports and adventures tourism; 1. Horseback riding 2. Hang gliding, 3. Ballooning, 4. Parachuting Professionalism of service staff The professionalism in sports and adventures tourism is very vital.Becoming sports trainer or guide for tourism activities increased responsibility for the profession; Most of the time a destination future depends on their professional services. Professionalism ca n create demand for sports tourism, as a well-trained sports guide or trainer does mistake in rare occasion and that attracts sports tourists. Political stability Political stability can create significant impact on any tourism industry; an unstable political condition can spoil major sports events, same time it can ruin the economic development of Destination.A stable optical situation can creates; good economy, jobs, use of resources and growth of development. The government significantly by their activities may seriously influence the economic and non-economic opportunities essential in the creation of the conditions that conduct to the development of a business. Whether the Sport tourism development is encouraged or blocked, depends very much on the government policy and political view. (Tom Hinch, James Higham, 2011 p 206) Economic status of the destinationForeign Exchange Earnings: The spending of traveller brings income to the hosting country and possibly will stimulate a sig nificant investment to finance growth in other economic sectors. An important indicator of sports tourism development is it’s generate foreign exchange earnings The economic impact of tourism is massive. Tourism is generally regarded as labour-intensive. It generates direct full time employment in such formal sectors as hotels, restaurants, transport services, travel agencies, guides and foreign airlines, etc.Costs: In business, cost is usually a monetary valuation of (1) effort, (2) material, (3) resources, (4) time and utilities consumed, (5) risks incurred, and (6) opportunity forgone in production and delivery of a good or service. All expenses are costs, but not all costs (such as those incurred in acquisition of an income-generating asset) are expenses. A large number of deal and money will be costing the host destination of the event and local taxpayers for Sport tourism development. Developers will need the government to improve infrastructure which includes the airpo rt, roads and others which are costly activities for the government. ports and adventures tourism development costs can be divided in two parts, if the negative aspects of costs can be save than there will be benefit, on the other hand positive has always profitable for stake holders. Positive Costs | Negative Costs| 1. Tourist spending money returned to local economy as it is spent over and over again. | 1. Over tourism can effects social community; such as tourism can increase drug related activities. | 2. Diversify and stabilize the local economy. | 2. Illegal prostitution can be harmful for sports destination.As tourists has a weak side for sexual activities. | 3. Governments get a chance to add up extra tax through tourism. | 3. Overcrowding and congestion. | 4. Fosters conservation and preservation of natural, cultural and historical resources. | 4. Crime activities can be increased. | 5. Encourages the preservation and celebration of local sport events or festivals. | 5. Natu ral resources and historical sites can be damaged for overcrowding. | 6. Local charity can raise fund through regular tourism. | 6. Over development can be cost local government. | 7.Tourism money can be spending to create more technological development in activity area. | 7. Developers from outside the destination can take the profit away. | From an economic point of view of the above table showcasing the region and its natural beauty should enhance its reputation as an attractive tourist destination. Good organisation and infrastructure could be highlighted to further promote investment in sports destination. More convenient and modern venues are likely to attract higher number of spectators and perhaps host upcoming mega-events which will generate higher income to the destination.Conclusion Sport and adventure tourism development can benefit economies by providing a fast source of income for local government and community, supporting the sustaining improvement and protection for environment and encouraging culture exchange between the developed countries. In perspective of the west Cambria tourism, with major sports or adventure events can speed up the development and growth and these includes; Tourists’ arrivals: sports team or sports man, media, officials and fans arriving into the destination from across the country and across the world for the events.Destination revenues: money spent by visitors spending time in the destination over the period of the sports events. Investment in destination: money injected into the west Cambria destination for infrastructure development. Employment for locals: many of the locals will have the opportunity to get employed in during the sports events. Skills development: knowledge and skills transfer which result from sports events preparations which remain in the minds and lives. Popularity: By building of profile of the Cambria tourism as a host destination through media exposure of the event.The long-term benefit s of a sports destination far outweigh the short-term cost. Though creating a modern facilitate destination can destroy some part nature. In that case developers should focus without destroying the nature adopting Sustainable tourism. Sustainable tourism is considerably beneficial in the respect of environment. For developing tourism business, most developed destination provides financial support or material resource for the conservation of the local environment and natural resources.It can create balance between limits and usage of nature through monitoring and planning; to ensure that sustainable tourism can be managed besides developed sports tourism. Sustainable development of sports destination must include the interests of all stakeholders including local communities, visitors, related business industry and government. Suggestions for the future development of this sports destination†¦ References Books 1. Weed M, Bull, C, 2004. Sport tourism: Participants, policy and prov iders, 4th Edition. London UK: Elsevier’s Science and Technology. E-Books 2. Tim Knowles, Dimitrios Diamantis, Joudallah Bey El-Mourhabi, J. 2004.The Globalization of Tourism and Hospitality: A Strategic Perspective. 2nd Edition. London: Thomson Learning Available at: http://books. google. co. uk/books? id=uEi5NkHg0ZsC;printsec=frontcover;dq=The+Globalization+of+Tourism+and+Hospitality:+A+Strategic+Perspective;hl=en;ei=Y1HhTqinF9Do8QOmzPD_Aw;sa=X;oi=book_result;ct=result;resnum=1;ved=0CEMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage;q=The%20Globalization%20of%20Tourism%20and%20Hospitality%3A%20A%20Strategic%20Perspective;f=false Articles: 3. Devine, A, Boyle, E, Boyd, S, 2009. Towards a theory of collaborative advantage for the sport tourism policy arena. Available